Lipidi, upalni citokini i imunosna priroda ateroskleroznog procesa

undergraduate thesis

• Author: Kristina Nežić
• Mentor: Lidija Šver (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; (Department of Biochemical Engineering); (Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2012-07-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Nutrition

Abstract

Ateroskleroza je bolest tijekom koje dolazi do taloženja lipida u intimu arterija zbog kojeg dolazi do otežane arterijske cirkulacije i slabljenja stijenke arterija. Dvije hipoteze objašnjavaju upalni i imunosni odgovor u aterosklerozi. Prva se odnosi na „odgovor na ozljedu“, koja dovodi do kronične upale u stijenkama krvnih žila, gdje su makrofagi glavni pokretači. Druga hipoteza odnosi se na „autoimunosni odgovor“ gdje prepoznavanje autoantigena vezanih za aterosklerozu dovodi do aktivacije T stanica. U moduliranju imunosnog odgovora važnu ulogu igraju lipidi. Sastav masti u tijelu varira prema masnim kiselinama koje se konzumiraju. One su snažni biološki posrednici imunosnog sustava. ω-3 masne kiseline inhibiraju mnoge funkcije limfocita, makrofaga, neutrofila i upalnih citokina. ω-6 masne kiseline prevode se u arahidonsku kiselinu, što dovodi do pojačavanja štetnih upalnih i proliferacijskih uvjeta. ω-3 i ω-6 masne kiseline kompetiraju za iste enzime, te se, prema istraživanjima, većim unosom ω-3 masnih kiselina može smanjiti konverzija ω-6 masnih kiselina u arahidonsku.

Abstract (english)

Atherosclerosis is a disease which causes deposition of lipids in the intima of arteries that leads to difficult arterial circulation and debilitation of the arterial walls.Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the involvement of inflammation and immune response in the initiation of atherosclerosis. The first is referred to as “response to injury,” which leads to chronic inflammation in the blood vessel wall where the macrophage is the primary driver. The second and more recent one is the “autoimmune response” hypothesis in which recognition and presentation of atherosclerosis-related autoantigens leads to the activation of T cells. Lipids are strong factors in the modulation of the immune response. The composition of fats in the body varies with the fatty acids that are consumed. They are powerful biological mediators of the immune system. ω-3 fatty acids inhibit many functions of lymphocites, neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines. ω-6 fatty acids are converted into arachidonic acid, leading to amplification of harmful inflammatory and proliferative conditions. ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids compete for the same enzymes, and greater input of ω-3 fatty acids may reduce the conversion of ω-6 fatty acid in the arachidonic.

• Keywords: ateroskleroza; upala; autoantigeni; ω-3 masne kiseline; ω-6 masne kiseline
• Keywords (english): atherosclerosis; inflammation; autoantigens; ω-3 fatty acids; ω-6 fatty acids
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:159:345952
• Study programme: Title: Nutrition; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) nutricionizma (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) nutricionizma)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2017-05-16 13:12:52