Mehanizmi bakterijske rezistencije i tolerancije na antibiotike

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and tolerance in bacteria
• Author: Ana Marija Perić
• Mentor: Višnja Bačun-Družina (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; (Department of Biochemical Engineering); (Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-09-18, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Biotechnology

Abstract

Bakterije mogu steći rezistenciju na antibiotike novim mutacijama ili horizontalnim prijenosom gena. Mehanizmi koji omogućavaju rezistenciju na antibiotike, a koji se javljaju kao posljedica tih mutacija, mogu se podijeliti u tri glavne skupine: inaktivacija antibiotika, modifikacija mete djelovanja antibiotika i izlučivanje antibiotika iz stanice pomoću transportnih proteina, efluks pumpi. Osim genetičkih mutanata, unutar populacije bakterija kao odgovor na prisustvo antibiotika mogu se pojaviti fenotipske varijante divljeg soja bakterija koje pokazuju značajnu toleranciju na antibiotike, a nazivaju se stanice perzisteri. Osim rezistencije i tolerancije bakterija na razni pojedinačne stanice, tolerancija se može uočiti i na razini populacije. Ulogu u skupnoj toleranciji na antibiotike mogu imati signali detekcije kvoruma (engl. quorum sensing), socijalne interakcije među bakterijama, kombinacije različitih mehanizama te antibiotikom posredovana altruistička smrt.

Abstract (english)

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria can be acquired through new gene mutations or horizontal gene transfer. Mechanisms that ensure antibiotic resistance, occurring as a consequence of gene mutations, can be split in three main groups: antibiotic inactivation, target modification and antibiotic secretion from the cell through efflux pumps. Apart from these genetic mutants, within population there are also phenotypic variants of wild type that demonstrate considerable antibiotic tolerance and they are called persister cells. Despite resistance and tolerance at cellular level, tolerance is also seen at population level. The role in collective antibiotic tolerance could be played by quorum sensing signals, social interactions between bacteria, mixed strategies and antibiotic mediated altruistic death.

• Keywords: genske mutacije; horizontalni prijenos gena; rezistencija na antibiotike; stanice perzisteri; tolerancija na antibiotike
• Keywords (english): antibiotic resistance; antibiotic tolerance; gene mutation; horizontal gene transfer; persister cells
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:159:755893
• Study programme: Title: Biotechnology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka biotehnologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka biotehnologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-09-20 07:47:24