Prehrambene navike i metabolički sindrom kod adolescenata

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): Dietary habits and metabolic syndrome in adolescents
• Author: Olgica Martinis
• Mentor: Saša Missoni (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivana Rumbak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; (Department of Food Quality Control); (Laboratory for Nutrition Science); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-10-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Nutrition
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 613 - Hygiene. Personal health and hygiene. Dietetics. Occupational diseases. Addictions. Sexual hygiene

Abstract

U ovom je radu provedeno istraživanje o prehrambenim navikama, predikciji metaboličkog sindroma te učinku edukacije o zdravlju adolescenata u dobi od 14 do 17 godina u 3 hrvatske regije. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi prehrambene navike, antropometrijske karakteristike i biokemijske parametre krvi te odrediti učestalost povećane tjelesne mase, pretilosti i predikciju metaboličkog sindroma kod ispitanika različite dobi i spola u Dalmaciji, Istočnoj i Središnjoj Hrvatskoj. Cilj je bio ispitati i učinak edukacije o prehrani i zdravim životnim stilovima tijekom jedne godine s obzirom na promatrane parametre. Provedena je dijetetička metoda (nekvantitativni upitnik o učestalosti unosa hrane i pića), antropometrijsko mjerenje, mjerenje krvnog tlaka i biokemijska analiza krvi. Nakon ciljane edukacije s obzirom na utvrđeni prehrambeni status ispitanika, pristupilo se ponovnom utvrđivanju prehrambenih navika, antropometrijskom mjerenju, mjerenju krvnog tlaka te biokemijskoj analizi krvi ispitanika. Izvedeni su zaključci o promjenama u prehrambenim navikama, učestalosti prekomjerne tjelesne mase, pretilosti i predikcije metaboličkog sindroma ispitanika. Adolescenti se međusobno razlikuju u prehrambenim navikama i predikciji metaboličkog sindroma prema dobi, spolu i regiji. Pozitivan učinak edukacije o prehrambenim navikama i zdravim životnim stilovima očituje se većim promjenama u prehrambenim navikama ispitanica u odnosu na ispitanike iz svih regija. Nakon edukacije, nema značajne promjene kod normalno uhranjenih ispitanika oba spola iz Dalmacije i Središnje Hrvatske dok se povećava broj prekomjerno teških ispitanika iz Dalmacije te pretilih ispitanika iz Istočne Hrvatske. Prije i nakon edukacije, predikcija metaboličkog sindroma prema kriterijima National Cholesterol Education Programs (NCEP), ustanovljena je kod jedne ispitanice iz Dalmacije. Najzastupljeniji prediktivni parameteri za metabolički sindrom u ovoj populaciji bili su povišeni krvni tlak i sniženi HDL-kolesterol.

Abstract (english)

The focus of the research in this paper was on dietary habits, prediction of the metabolic syndrome and effects of education on health in adolescents aged 14 to 17 years in 3 Croatian regions. The aim of the study was to determine eating habits, anthropometric characteristics and biochemical parameters of blood and to determine the frequency of weight gain, obesity and prediction of metabolic syndrome in participants of different ages and genders in Dalmatia, Eastern and Central Croatia. The other aim was to examine the effects of education on nutrition and healthy lifestyles during a period of one year with respect to the observed parameters. A dietetic method was conducted (non-quantitative questionnaire on the frequency of food and beverage intake), together with anthropometric measurement, blood pressure measurement and biochemical analysis of blood. After the targeted education with regard to the established nutritional habits of the participants was concluded, a second round of determining of dietary habits, anthropometric measurement, measurement of blood pressure and biochemical analysis of the participants' blood was started. Conclusions were drawn on the changes of participants' dietary habits, the frequency of their overweight, obesity, and predictions of metabolic syndrome. The adolescents differ from each other in dietary habits and prediction of metabolic syndrome by: age, gender, and geographical region. The positive effect of education on dietary habits and healthy lifestyles is manifested in significant changes in the dietary habits of the female participants compared to the total number of participants from all regions. After the education, there are no significant changes in the normal diet of participants in both gender from Dalmatia and Central Croatia, while the number of overweight participants from Dalmatia and obese participants from Eastern Croatia is increasing. Before and after education, the prediction of metabolic syndrome was established in one participant from Dalmatia, according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Programs (NCEP). The most common parameters of participants with prediction of metabolic syndrome are high blood pressure and lowered HDL-cholesterol.

• Keywords: adolescenti; edukacija o zdravlju; metabolički sindrom; prehrambene navike; pretilost
• Keywords (english): adolescent; health education; metabolic syndrome; dietary habits; obesity
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:159:031344
• Study programme: Title: Nutrition; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor znanosti/doktorica znanosti (doktor znanosti/doktorica znanosti)
• Type of resource: Text
• Extent: 194 str. : 30 cm
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-01-29 12:53:49