Učinak kalorijske restrikcije i posta na indukciju autofagije

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): The effect of calorie restriction and fasting on autophagy induction
• Author: Martina Drenški
• Mentor: Teuta Murati (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry); (Laboratory for Toxicology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Nutrition

Abstract

Autofagija je jedan od temeljnih staničnih procesa koji rezultira razgradnjom staničnih komponenti, koje potom služe kao energija i gradivni blokovi za staničnu obnovu. Razlikujemo tri tipa autofagije: makroautofagija, mikroautofagija i autofagija posredovana šaperonom. Iako postoje razlike u načinu odvijanja, sva tri tipa u konačnici dovode do istog ishoda. Istraživanja su ukazala na važnost autofagije u velikom broju stanja, od bakterijskih i virusnih infekcija do karcinoma, neurodegenerativnih, metaboličkih i upalnih bolesti. Autofagija je potaknuta stresnim stanjima, poput oksidacijskog stresa, hipoksije i sl., a stanje nedostatka hranjivih tvari, odnosno kalorijska restrikcija (CR) i post glavni su negenetski pokretači autofagije. I CR i post imaju ulogu u aktiviranju i regulaciji autofagije, što podupiru i rezultati istraživanja koji sugeriraju da je autofagija inducirana u širokom spektru tkiva i organa kao odgovor na uskraćivanje hrane. Dakle, ciljana i precizno kontrolirana aktivacija autofagije predstavlja obećavajuću terapijsku strategiju koja dovodi do poboljšanja zdravlja i normalne funkcije stanica.

Abstract (english)

Autophagy is one of the fundamental cellular processes that results in the deconstruction of cell components which then serve as energy and building blocks for cell renewal. There are three types of autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Although these types of autophagy differ morphologically, all three types lead to the same outcome. Research has pointed out the importance of autophagy in a large number of states, from bacterial and viral infections to cancers, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. Autophagy is stimulated by stress, such as oxidative stress, hypoxia, etc., however, a lack of nutrients, calorie restriction (CR), and fasting are the primary non-genetic stimulants for autophagy. Both CR and fasting play a role in activating and regulating autophagy, which is supported by research suggesting that autophagy is induced in a wide spectrum of tissue and organs as a response to a lack of food. Therefore, a targeted and precisely controlled activation of autophagy presents a promising therapeutic strategy that leads to improved health and the normalization of cell functions.

• Keywords: autofagija; kalorijska restrikcija; mimetici kalorijske restrikcije; post
• Keywords (english): autophagy; calorie restriction; calorie restriction mimetics; fasting
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:159:953294
• Study programme: Title: Nutrition; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) nutricionizma (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) nutricionizma)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-07-28 10:58:33