Optimiranje procesa vodene destilacije za izolaciju eteričnog ulja sjemenki komorača

master's thesis

• Title (english): Optimization of hydrodistillation process for the isolation of fennel seeds essential oil
• Author: Petra Tonković
• Mentor: Maja Repajić (mentor)
• Committee member: Verica Dragović-Uzelac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; (Department of Food Engineering); (Laboratory for Technology of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Nutrition

Abstract

U ovom radu optimiran je proces vodene destilacije za izolaciju eteričnog ulja iz sjemenki komorača. Varirani su omjer biljnog materijala i vode (1:10 do 1:30) te vrijeme destilacije (40 do 120 min) pri čemu je prema centralno-kompozitnom dizajnu s 5 centralnih točaka dobiveno 13 uzoraka eteričnog ulja kojima je određen prinos te je ispitan sastav primjenom plinske kromatografije s masenom spektrometrijom (GC-MS). Prinos eteričnog ulja kretao se u rasponu od 4,40 do 5,50 %. Identificirano je ukupno 18 hlapljivih spojeva iz skupine monoterpena (prosječna vrijednost 9,92 %), oksidiranih monoterpena (prosječna vrijednost 18,51 %), fenilpropanoida (prosječna vrijednost 71,09 %) i aromatskih aldehida (prosječna vrijednost 0,48 %). Najzastupljeniji spoj bio je trans-anetol (prosječna vrijednost 586,40 mg mL-1). Statistička analiza pokazala je da su ispitivani parametri destilacije imali statistički značajan utjecaj (p ≤ 0,05) na prinos i sastav eteričnog ulja. Veći prinos ulja postignut je primjenom duljeg vremena destilacije. Povećanje vremena destilacije utjecalo je na porast udjela trans-anetola pri nižim omjerima biljnog materijala i vode, dok je pri višim omjerima taj udio padao. Provedenim optimiranjem definirani su sljedeći optimalni parametri za dobivanje maksimalnog prinosa eteričnog ulja sjemenki komorača postupkom vodene destilacije: omjer biljnog materijala i vode 1:10 te vrijeme vodene destilacije 120 min.

Abstract (english)

In this study, the process of hydrodistillation for the isolation of fennel seeds essential oil was optimized. The ratio of plant material and water (1:10 to 1:30) and distillation time (40 to 120 min) were varied, where according to the central-composite design with 5 central points 13 samples of essential oil were obtained in which the yield and composition by gas cromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were determined. The essential oil yield was determined in the range of 4.40 to 5.50 %. A total of 18 volatile compounds from the group of monoterpenes (average value 9.92%), oxygenated monoterpenes (average value 18.51%), phenylpropanoids (average value 71.09%) and aromatic aldehydes (average value 0.48%) were identified. The most abundant compound was trans-anethole (average value 586.40 mg mL-1). Statistical analysis showed that the examined parameters had a statistically significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the yield and composition of essential oil. Higher oil yield was achieved by applying a longer distillation time. Increase of distillation time affected the increase in the content of trans-anethole at lower ratios of plant material and water, while at higher ratios it decreased. The optimization defined the following optimal parameters for obtaining the maximum yield of fennel seed essential oil by hydrodistillation: the ratio of plant material and water 1:10 and the distillation time 120 min.

• Keywords: sjemenke komorača; vodena destilacija; eterično ulje; prinos ulja; hlapljivi spojevi
• Keywords (english): fennel seeds; hydrodistillation; essential oil; oil yield; volatile compounds
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:159:029246
• Study programme: Title: Nutrition; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra nutricionizma (magistar/magistra nutricionizma)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-10-25 10:11:14