| Abstract | Jaja se smatraju kompletnim proteinima, što znači da sadrže sve esencijalne aminokiseline u potrebnim količinama. Građena su od žumanjka, bjelanjka, ljuskine membrane i ljuske bogate kalcijevim karbonatom. Od makronutrijenata najviše pronalazimo proteine (ovalbumin) i lipide (važnost omega-3 masnih kiselina). Vitamini u jajima su topivi u mastima (A, D, E, K), a od minerala dostupni su željezo, magnezij, sumpor... Pigmenti u jajetu smanjuju razinu lošeg kolesterola i sprečavaju nastanak KVB, a razlikujemo beta-karoten i lutein. U današnje vrijeme se investira u obogaćivanje hrane funkcionalnim sastojcima pa jaja obogaćujemo omega-3 masnim kiselinama, pigmentima ili vitaminima. Proteini sirutke, danas najčešće korišteni suplement, dobiva se iz sirutke, tekućine bogate esencijalnim aminokiselinama i važnim funkcionalnim sastojcima. Proteini sirutke se prema profilu pročišćenosti dijeli na koncentrat sa 65-70 % proteina, izolat s 90-95 % proteina u suhoj tvari, i hidrolizat, najkvalitetniji oblik proteina. Osim proteina mlijeka, na tržištu se mogu pronaći i proteini iz biljnih i životinjskih namirnica (kvinoja, grašak, goveđi protein). |
| Abstract (english) | Eggs are considered complete proteins, meaning they contain all essential amino acids in the required amounts. They are made of yolk, egg whites, scaly membranes and calcium carbonate-rich shells. Most of the macronutrients are proteins (ovalbumin) and lipids (importance of omega-3 fatty acids). The vitamins in the eggs are fat-soluble (A, D, E, K), and iron, magnesium, sulfur are among most important minerals... The pigments in the egg reduce the level of bad cholesterol and prevent the formation of CVD, and we distinguish beta-caro tene and lutein. Nowadays, the industry is investing in enriching food with functional ingredi ents, so the eggs are enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, pigments or vitamins. Whey protein, the most commonly used supplement, is obtained from whey which is a liquid rich with essential amino acids and important functional ingredients. According to the purifica tion profile, whey is divided into concentrates with 65-70% protein, isolates with 90-95% pro tein in dry matter, and hydrolysates, the highest quality form of protein. In addition to milk proteins, proteins from plant and animal foods (quinoa, peas, bovine protein) can be found on the market. |
