Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress effects of eugenol, phenazine and eugenol-phenazine cocrystals

master's thesis

• Title (croatian): Citotoksični i oksidacijski učinci eugenola, fenazina i eugenol-fenazin kokristala
• Author: Marija Filipović-Grčić
• Mentor: Ksenija Durgo (mentor)
• Committee member: Draženka Komes (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Vojvodić Cebin (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; (Department of Biochemical Engineering); (Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Food Technology

Abstract

This study investigates the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by eugenol, phenazine, and their cocrystals, commonly used in food packaging and household products. While eugenol and phenazine are known for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, their potential to cause oxidative stress and cytotoxicity upon migration into human tissues raises safety concerns. This research evaluates the effects of these compounds on various human cell lines, including HaCaT, Cal27, Hep G2, and AGS, using the Neutral Red assay for cell viability and the DCFH-DA assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. By analysing the impact of these compounds and their cocrystals at environmentally relevant concentrations, this study shows that eugenol, phenazine and their cocrystals display cell specific and concentration-response dependent cytotoxicity. The most sensitive cell line was Cal27, and the most resistant cell line was HepG2. Eugenol and phenazine did not influence on free radical formation nor antioxidant effect at nontoxic concentrations. Cocrystals damaged cells significantly at all concentration range so it was not possible to bring any conclusion about antioxidant/prooxidant nature. All investigated compounds showed prooxidative effect on plasmid φX174 RI DNA, indicating the prooxidative nature of these compounds. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanistic pathways involved, especially regarding the eugenol-phenazine cocrystals. The concentrations of compounds that migrate into the food is essential to be determined including their effect on the cells of digestive system.

Abstract (croatian)

Ova studija istražuje citotoksičnost i oksidativni stres izazvan eugenolom, fenazinom i njihovim kokristalima, koji se obično koriste u pakiranju hrane i kućanskim proizvodima. Dok su eugenol i fenazin poznati po svojim antimikrobnim i antioksidativnim svojstvima, njihov potencijal da izazovu oksidativni stres i citotoksičnost nakon migracije u ljudska tkiva izaziva zabrinutost u pogledu sigurnosti. Ovo istraživanje procjenjuje učinke navedenih spojeva na različite ljudske stanične linije, uključujući HaCaT, Cal27, HepG2 i AGS, koristeći Neutral Red test za preživljenje stanica i DCFH-DA test za stvaranje reaktivnih kisikovih vrsta (ROS). Analizirajući utjecaj ovih spojeva i njihovih kokristala u ekološki relevantnim koncentracijama, ovaj eksperiment pokazuje da eugenol, fenazin i njihovi kokristali imaju citotoksično djelovanje specifično za pojedine stanice i ovisno o koncentraciji. Najosjetljivija stanična linija bila je Cal27, a najotpornija HepG2. Eugenol i fenazin nisu utjecali na stvaranje slobodnih radikala niti pokazali antioksidativni učinak u netoksičnim koncentracijama. Kokristali su značajno oštetili stanice u svim rasponima koncentracija tako da nije bilo moguće donijeti zaključak o njihovoj antioksidativnoj/prooksidativnoj prirodi. Svi ispitivani spojevi pokazali su prooksidativni učinak na DNA plazmida φX174 RI, što ukazuje na prooksidativnu prirodu ovih spojeva. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se u potpunosti razumjelo djelovanje istaživanih spojeva, posebno eugenol-fenazin kokristala pri čemu je bitno odrediti koncentracije u kojima spojevi migriraju u hranu te njihov učinak na stanice probavnog sustava.

• Keywords: eugenol; phenazine; cocrystals; cytotoxicity; oxidative stress
• Keywords (croatian): eugenol; fenazin; kokristali; citotoksičnost; oksidativni stres
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:159:750496
• Study programme: Title: Food Safety Management; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka upravljanja sigurnošću hrane (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka upravljanja sigurnošću hrane)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-10-16 10:03:59