| Abstract | Crohnova bolest i ulcerozni kolitis vrlo često dovode do razvoja malnutricije. Visoki rizik od nutritivnih deficita i ograničeni broj namirnica koje ne potiču pojavu simptoma predstavljaju izazov u kreiranju adekvatne prehrane za te bolesnike. Mediteranska prehrana ima moguće zaštitno djelovanje kod upalnih stanja. Mediteranski prehrambeni skor (MDS) je metoda za određivanje sličnosti između mediteranskog obrasca prehrane i prehrane ispitivane populacije. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 30 bolesnika s upalnim bolestima crijeva, dobi od 25 do 71 godinu. 66,7% ispitanika čine žene (n=20), a 33,3% muškarci (n=10). Za prikupljanje podataka o ispitanicima korišten je posebno kreirani upitnik, alat za probir pacijenata u nutritivnom riziku (NRS 2002) i trodnevni dnevnik prehrane pomoću kojih je analizirana prehrana ispitanika, izračunat MDS te koeficijenti korelacije. Rezultati ukazuju na adekvatnu uhranjenost ispitanika (prosječna vrijednost indeksa tjelesne mase iznosi 24,7kg/m2, pothranjeno svega dvoje ispitanika), a nutritivni probir pomoću alata NRS 2002 pokazao je i adekvatnu primjenu terapije i nutritivne potpore. Srednja vrijednost MDS-a iznosi 4,03 što ukazuje na srednju kvalitetu prehrane u smislu pridržavanja mediteranskom obrascu. Bolesnici s aktivnom bolesti imaju bolje vrijednosti MDS-a u odnosu na one u remisiji. Korelacija između MDS-a i unosa proteina iz hrane životinjskog podrijetla (žene r=-0,365, muškarci r=-0,570), masti (žene r=-0,566, muškarci r=-0,442) te zasićenih masnih kiselina (žene r=-0,708, muškarci r=-0,509) je negativna, što je u skladu sa mediteranskim obrascem prehrane. Kod muškaraca MDS je pozitivno i statistički značajno u korelaciji s unosom prehrambenih vlakana (r=0,678). Kod bolesnika se općenito javlja nedostatan unos masti i ugljikohidrata, prehrambenih vlakana, kalcija, magnezija, vitamina C, cinka i vitamina A, dok je kod muškaraca nedovoljan unos linolne kiseline a kod žena željeza. |
| Abstract (english) | Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis often lead to the development of malnutrition. High risk of nutritional deficiencies and a limited number of foods that do not encourage the emergence of symptoms present a challenge in the creation of an adequate diet for these patients. The Mediterranean diet has a possible protective effect in inflammatory conditions. Mediterranean dietary score (MDS) is a method for determining the similarity between the Mediterranean pattern of diet and diet of the study population. The study included 30 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, aged 25 to 71 years. 66.7% of respondents were women (n=20) and 33.3% males (n=10). To collect data on the respondents, a specially designed questionnaire, a tool for screening patients at nutritional risk (NRS 2002) and a three-day food diary were used. According to given data diet of respondents was analyzed, MDS and correlation coefficients were calculated. Results indicate an adequate nutritional status of the respondents (average value of the body mass index is 24,7kg/m2, undernourished only two respondents) and a nutritional screening tool NRS 2002 has shown the adequate implementation of therapy and nutritional support. Mean MDS is 4,03 which indicates the medium quality of food in terms of adherence to the Mediterranean pattern. Patients with active disease have better values of MDS compared to those in remission. The correlation between MDS and protein intake from food of animal origin (women r=-0.365, men r=-0.570), fat (women r=-0.566, men r=-0.442) and saturated fat (women r=-0.708, men r=-0.509) is negative, which is in accordance with the Mediterranean dietary pattern. In men MDS is positively and significantly correlated with the intake of dietary fiber (r=0.678). Patients generally occurs insufficient intake of fats and carbohydrates, dietary fiber, calcium, magnesium, vitamin C, zinc and vitamin A, while men show insufficient intake of linoleic acid and women of iron. |
