Kompostiranje komunalnog otpada

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Composting of municipal waste
• Author: Tonka Kvočić
• Mentor: Tibela Landeka Dragičević (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; (Department of Food Engineering); (Laboratory for the Biological Waste Water Treatment); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2013-06-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Biotechnology

Abstract

Kompostiranje je biološka razgradnja i stabilizacija organskog otpada u kontroliranim termofilnim i aerobnim uvjetima. Proces kompostiranja uključuje četri faze razgradnje: (i) mezofilna faza- početna faza razgradnje, (ii) termofilna faza intenzivne mikrobne razgradnje, (iii) druga mezofilna faza (faza hlađenja), i (iv) faza zrenja. Krajnji produkt razgradnje je biološki stabilan produkt, humus, koji se koristi za obogaćivanje zemlje, kao gnojivo, te biofilterski materijal ili gorivo. Ciljevi kompostiranja su stabilizacija, smanjenje mase i volumena, sušenje, eliminacija fitotoksičnih tvari te dekontaminacija zagađenog tla. Gotovo sav organski otpad se može podvrgnuti procesu kompostiranja. Najčešći ograničavajući čimbenici u procesu kompostiranja su nizak sadržaj vlage, neodgovarajuća temperatura i pH, nedovoljan protok zraka. Uspostavljanjem optimalnih uvjeta, bakterije, gljivice, aktinomicete i protozoe koloniziraju organski materijal i započinju proces kompostiranja.

Abstract (english)

Composting is the biological decomposition and stabilization of the organic substrates under controlled, termophilic and aerobic conditions. The composting process includes four phases: (i) the mesophilic- initial decomposition phase (ii) a thermophilic phase of intense microbial decomposition (iii) a second mesophilic phase, and (iv) a maturation phase. The end product of composting is a biologically stable humus-like product for use as a soil conditioner, fertilizer, biofilter material, or fuel. The objectives of composting can be stabilization, volume and mass reduction, drying, elimination of phytotoxic substances and decontamination of polluted soils. Almost any organic waste can be treated by this method. Lack of suitable substrates, low moisture content, non-optimum temperatures, and poor oxygen diffusion are the most common rate-limiting factors in composting. Once optimal physical conditions are established, soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and protozoa colonize the organic material and initiate the composting process.

• Keywords: čimbenci kompostiranja; faze kompostiranja; proces kompostiranja; kinetički modeli kompostiranja
• Keywords (english): composting factors; phases of composting; process of composting; composting kinetics modeling
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:159:515454
• Study programme: Title: Biotechnology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka biotehnologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka biotehnologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2017-05-03 12:23:30