Mutacije kao odgovor bakterija na stres

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Mutations as Bacterial Stress Response
• Author: Alen Požgajčić
• Mentor: Višnja Bačun-Družina (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; (Department of Biochemical Engineering); (Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Biotechnology

Abstract

Bakterije su izložene promjenjivim uvjetima okoliša i zbog toga su razvile mehanizme prilagodbe na stres. Stanice se prilagođavaju tako što započinje ekspresija proteina koji pospješuju adaptaciju na stres preko glavnog regulatora RpoS. Posljedično, povećanje koncentracije RpoS povećava stopu mutacija u stanici. Za takve mutacije uzrokovane stresom je potreban dodatni stres kao što je dvostruki lom DNA koji uzrokuje ekspresiju translezijskih polimeraza koje na kraju rezultiraju uvođenjem mutacija. Ovaj mehanizam mutacije je potencijalno ključan za evoluciju patogenih bakterija, a ujedno i stanica raka zbog sličnih načina popravka u prokariota i eukariota. Razumijevanje puteva kojim mutacije nastaju također otvara nove mogućnosti u biotehnologiji i medicini.

Abstract (english)

Bacteria are exposed to changing environmental conditions and they are equiped with mechanisms of adaptation. Primarily, cells start to express proteins which enhance adaptation to stress through main stress regulator RpoS. Consequently, higher concentration of RpoS increases rate of mutation in a cell. For those stress induced mutations, there is needed additional stress on the molecule of the DNA like double stranded DNA break which causes expression of translesion polymerases that induce mutations in the molecule of the DNA. This mechanism is potentionally key in the evolution of pathogen bacteria and cancer cells because of the similar mismatch repairs in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Understanding the pathways in which mutations are induced can open new possibilities in biotechnology and medicine.

• Keywords: stresom inducirane mutacije; mehanizmi prilagodbe; odgovor SOS; popravak krivo sparenih baza
• Keywords (english): stress induced mutations; mechanisms of adaptation; SOS response; mismatch repair
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:159:753369
• Study programme: Title: Biotechnology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka biotehnologije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka biotehnologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-04-24 10:39:34