Procjena unosa nutrijenata i toksičnih metala hranom morskoga podrijetla: usporedbe u zdravih rodilja iz kontinentalne i priobalne Hrvatske

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): Assessment of nutritional and toxic metal intake by seafood: comparisons in healthy postpartum women from continental and coastal Croatia
• Author: Antonija Sulimanec Grgec
• Mentor: Martina Piasek (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivana Kmetič (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Nutrition
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 54 - Chemistry. Crystallography. Mineralogy

Abstract

U zdravih rodilja iz kontinentalne (n=197) i priobalne Hrvatske (n=203) procijenjen je unos omega-3 masnih kiselina (EPA+DHA), esencijalnih elementa Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu i Se, toksičnih metala Hg, Cd i Pb te polumetala As konzumacijom morske ribe. Određen je sastav masnih kiselina (metodom GC) u najčešće konzumiranih vrsta riba: srdeli, osliću, oradi i brancinu (n=84). Provedena je multielementna analiza (metodom ICP-MS) u ribama iz divljeg ulova (n=813) i uzgoja u istočnom Jadranskom moru (n=24) te u zamrznutoj (n=64) i konzerviranoj ribi (n=37). Izmjerene vrijednosti analita u ribama povezane su s podacima iz anketnih upitnika i utvrđeno je stanje elementa u majke i potomka s obzirom na unos hrane morskoga podrijetla i prije određenih koncentracija elementa u kosi, krvi i serumu majke te krvi iz pupkovine. Pokazano je da su srdele i inćuni vrijedan prehrambeni izvor Fe, Zn i Cu, a srdele i gire za Se. Procijenjeno je da se jednim obrokom ribe od 130 g unosi u prosjeku 956 mg EPA+DHA (što je oko 4 puta prehrambene referentne vrijednosti, DRV) i oko 10% DRV esencijalnih elemenata, a Se >60% DRV. U serumu majki iz kontinentalnog u odnosu na priobalno područje, utvrđene su veće koncentracije Fe, Zn i Cu (čiji su glavni izvor crveno meso i žitarice) i niže Se, jednako kao i niže Hg i Se u kosi majke te niže koncentracije Hg i As u krvi majke i krvi iz pupkovine. U svim mjerenim biološkim uzorcima koncentracije Hg, Se i As pozitivno su korelirale s učestalošću konzumacije ribe. S obzirom na prosječnu konzumaciju ribe na tjedan od 130 g i količine toksičnih metala u ribi od <0,16 mg Hg/kg (uz izuzetak trlje blatarice i orade iz divljeg ulova s >0,42 mg Hg/kg) i <0,02 mg/kg za Cd i Pb, zaključeno je da nema rizika povećanog unosa toksičnih metala, a As se u ribi u najvećem udjelu nalazi u obliku njegova netoksičnog organskog spoja arsenobetaina. Izvoran doprinos istraživanja jesu rezultati koji mogu poslužiti za izradu nacionalnih smjernica o konzumaciji ribe u žena tijekom reprodukcijskog razdoblja i djece zbog izloženosti Hg konzumacijom ribe, posebice za one vrste riba iz Jadranskog mora koje mogu imati povećane količine Hg.

Abstract (english)

In healthy postpartum women from continental (n=197) and coastal Croatia (n=203), the intake of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA+DHA), essential elements N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, toxic metals Hg, Cd, Pb, and the metalloid As was assessed by marine fish consumption. The profile of fatty acids was determined (by GC) in the most commonly consumed fish species: sardine, European hake, gilthead seabream and seabass (n=84). Multielement analysis was carried out (by ICP-MS) in wild-caught (n=813) and farmed fish from the eastern Adriatic Sea (n=24) as well as in frozen (n=64) and canned fish (n=37). The results on analytes in fish were related to the data from the questionnaires and element status in mother and offspring was estimated in relation to sea food intake and predetermined element levels in maternal hair, blood and serum and umbilical cord blood. It was shown that sardines and anchovies are a valuable food source of Fe, Zn and Cu, and sardines and picarels for Se. The estimated intake through one fish meal of 130 g is on average 956 mg EPA+DHA (i.e. ca. 4 times the dietary reference value, DRV) and about 10% of the DRVs for essential elements, and for Se >60% DRV. Higher maternal serum concentrations of Fe, Zn and Cu (as red meat and cereals are their main sources) and lower serum Se, as well as lower Hg and Se in maternal hair and lower Hg and As in maternal and cord blood were found in the continental vs. coastal area. In all of the measured biological samples the levels of Hg, As and Se positively correlated with the frequency of fish consumption. Given the average fish consumption per week of 130 g and the content of toxic metals in fish with <0.16 mg Hg/kg (with the exception of >0.42 mg Hg/kg in wild red mullet and gilthead seabream) and <0.02 mg/kg for both Cd and Pb, it was concluded that there was no risk of increased toxic metal intake, whereas the main chemical form of As in marine fish is arsenobetaine which is non-toxic. The original contribution of this research are its results, which can serve in drawing up national guidelines on fish consumption in women during the reproduction period and for children due to exposure of Hg through fish consumption, especially by species from the Adriatic Sea, which have increased Hg content.

• Keywords: omega-3 masne kiseline; esencijalni i toksični elementi; morska riba; reprodukcijsko razdoblje
• Keywords (english): omega-3 fatty acids; essential and toxic elements; marine fish; reproductive period
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:159:276020
• Study programme: Title: Postgraduate PhD Study in Nutrition; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biotehničkih znanosti, polje nutricionizam (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biotehničkih znanosti, polje nutricionizam)
• Type of resource: Text
• Extent: 96 str. : 30 cm
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-07-12 10:01:47