| Abstract | Nealkoholna masna bolest jetre (NAFLD) s prevalencijom od 25% veliki je svjetski zdravstveni problem, a njeno liječenje se bazira na smanjenju tjelesne mase, pridržavanju pravilne prehrane i redovitom prakticiranju tjelesne aktivnosti. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti nutritivni status, kakvoću prehrane i potrošnju energije u mirovanju kod 13 pacijenata s dijagnozom NAFLD. Ispitanicima su izmjereni antropometrijski parametri, pomoću dnevnika prehrane procijenjen je unos energije i nutrijenata, a potrošnja energije u mirovanju izmjerena je indirektnom kalorimetrijom i uspoređena s potrošnjom energije izračunatom pomoću 5 odabranih jednadžbi. Prosječan indeks tjelesne mase ispitanika pripada kategoriji pretilosti (31,15 ± 4,28 kg m-2). Prosječni energetski unos ispitanika iznosio je 1734,50 ± 497,86 kcal te je bio značajno manji od energetskih potreba (2403,65 ± 498,10 kcal) što ukazuje na to da su ispitanici bili na redukcijskoj dijeti ili su podcijenili unos hrane. Prosječni unos makronutrijenata u prehrani iznosio je 18,71 ± 2,35% proteina, 34,65 ± 4,63% masti te 47,53 ± 5,97% ugljikohidrata. Iz dobivenih rezultata vidljivo je da su ispitanici unosili previše masti, pogotovo zasićenih masnih kiselina te da nisu unosili dovoljno prehrambenih vlakana, vitamina A, D i E te magnezija. Usporedbom izmjerene i izračunate energetske potrošnje organizma u mirovanju otkriveno je da je Schofield jednadžba najprikladnija za izračun energetskih potreba pacijenata s NAFLD. |
| Abstract (english) | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with prevalence of 25% is a major global health problem, which therapy is based on a weight reduction, an adequate diet and a regular physical activity. The purpose of this thesis was to assess nutritional status, diet quality and resting energy expenditure among 13 patients with NAFLD diagnosis. Anthropometric parameters were measured, intake of energy and nutrients were assessed by food diary and resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and compared to the resting energy expenditure calculated by using 5 different equations. The average Body Mass Index of patients was in obese category (31.15 ± 4.28 kg m-2). The average energy intake of patients was 1734.50 ± 497.86 kcal which was significantly less than their energy needs (2403.65 ± 498.10 kcal) and which implies that patients were following a reduction diet or they underestimated their food intake. The average macronutrients intake was following: 18.71 ± 2.35% of proteins, 34.65 ± 4.63% of fats and 47.53 ± 5.97% of carbohydrates. The results show that the patients had high intake of fats, especially saturated fatty acids, and that the intake of dietary fibers, vitamins A, D and E, as well as magnesium was insufficient. By comparing measured with calculated resting energy expenditure it was found that the Schofield equation is the most appropriate equation for calculating energy needs among patients with NAFLD. |
