Prehrana, tjelovježba i imunosni sustav

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Diet, physical activity and immune system
• Author: Mirjana Cvitanić
• Mentor: Lidija Šver (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; (Department of Biochemical Engineering); (Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014-09-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Nutrition

Abstract

U radu su opisani načini na koji svakodnevna prehrana i tjelovježba različitog inteziteta, trajanja i učestalosti utječe na osnovne funkcije imunosnog sustava. Prekomjerno vježbanje u kombinaciji s pothranjenošću izaziva negativnu energetsku ravnotežu i negativno djeluje na imunosni sustav. Također, prekomjerni dnevni energetski unos ima negativni utjecaj i ugrožava imunosni sustav. Posljedično, restriktivna i prekomjerna prehrana mogu umanjiti sposobnost organizma da se bori protiv patoloških mikroorganizama odnosno mogu umanjiti i usporiti osnovnu funkciju imunosnog sustava. Tjelovježba mijenja i utječe na imunosni sustav ovisno o intezitetu, trajanju, učestalosti tjelovježbe te trajanju odmora između faza tjelovježba. Intezivna i dugotrajna tjelovježba, što je vrlo često kod profesionalnih sportaša, može negativno utjecati na imunosni sustav. Smanjuje funkcije neutrofila, aktivnost fagocitoze, povećava koncentraciju leukocita i proizvodnju upalnih i proupalnih citokina, povećava učestalost dišnih infekcija te općenito infekcija i upalnih stanja. Umjerena i redovita tjelovježba ima drugačije rezultate. Rezultira povećanom funkcijom neutrofila, adherencijom, kemotaksijom, boljom proliferacijom CD4+ T-limfocita, indukcijom TNF-α, supresijom IL-6 te zaštitom od pojave tumora i raznih bolesti. Općenito, umjerena i redovita tjelovježba rezultira pozitivnim učinkom na funkcije imunosnog sustava.

Abstract (english)

This final work describes the way in which the daily diet and physical activity with different intensity, duration and frequency affect the basic functions of the immune system. Excessive physical activity in combination with malnutrition causes a negative energy balance and affects the immune system. Also, excessive daily energy intake has a negative impact threatens the immune system. Consequent, restrictive and over-nutrition can impair the body's ability to fight against pathological microorganisms that can reduce and slow down the basic function of the immune system. Physical activity changes and affects the immune system, depending on the intensity, duration, frequency and duration of physical activity, rest between physical activity phases. Intensive and time-consuming physical activity, which is very common in professional athletes, can adversely affect the immune system. Reduces neutrophil function, phagocytosis activity, increases the concentration of leukocytes and the production of inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines, increase of the frequency of respiratory infections and general infections and inflammatory conditions. Moderate and regular physical activity has different results. Resulting in increased neutrophil function, adherence, chemotaxis, better proliferation of CD4+ T cells, induction of TNF-α, IL-6 suppression and protection from cancer and various diseases. In general, moderate and regular physical activity results in a positive effect on immune function.

• Keywords: tjelovježba; imunosni sustav; lipidi; ugljikohidrati; proteini
• Keywords (english): diet; physical activity; immune system; lipids; carbohydrates; proteins
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:159:996243
• Study programme: Title: Nutrition; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) nutricionizma (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) nutricionizma)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2017-04-27 08:10:19