Procjena utjecaja atmosferskoga taloţenja i ozona na mediteranske šumske ekosustave

doctoral thesis

• Title (english): Assessment of atmospheric deposition and ozone impacts in Mediterranean forest ecosystems
• Author: Lucija Lovreškov
• Mentor: Tamara Jakovljević (mentor)
• Mentor: Ivana Radojčić Redovniković (komentor)
• Committee member: Marina Cvjetko Bubalo (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Jurinjak Tušek (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lukrecija Butorac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; (Department of Biochemical Engineering); (Laboratory for Cell Technology, Application and Biotransformations); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-10-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences
• Universal decimal classification (UDC): 58 - Botany

Abstract

Mediteranski šumski ekosustavi u Hrvatskoj su od velike vaţnosti zbog ekoloških funkcija koje pruţaju. Zbog velike osjetljivosti ove regije na oneĉišćujuće tvari prisutnih u atmosferi, bitno je pratiti stanje šumskih ekosustava te kako oni reagiraju na njih. Cilj je bio uspostaviti ekološko praćenje u mediteranskim šumama, odrediti koncentracije iona prispjelih atmosferskim taloţenjem, koncentracije prizemnog ozona i fiziološke parametre stabla, odrediti biokemijske pokazatelje oksidativnog stresa te utvrditi uzroĉno-posljediĉne veze izmeĊu fizioloških parametara stabala i atmosferskih unosa. Sva mjerenja, uzorkovanja i analize raĊena su prema priruĉnicima MeĊunarodnog programa za procjenu i motrenje utjecaja zraĉnog oneĉišćenja na šume (UNECE - ICP Forests). Najveće koliĉine atmosferskoga taloţenja utvrĊena su u šumi hrasta crnike. Opterećenja dušikovim spojevima nisu prošla literaturne granice. Koncentracija ozona na svim plohama bila su blizu ili dosegla 100 ppb. Najmanja osutost utvrĊena je na plohi hrasta crnike s < 10 % dok je na ostale tri bila > 40 %. Najveći postotak prirasta bio na plohi alepskog bora. Ispitivanjem odnosa okolišnih varijabli i pokazatelja zdravstvenog stanja šuma (osutost i prirast) utvrdilo se da je osutost znaĉajno povezana sa sadrţajem vode u tlu, dok je prirast bio povezan s sunĉevim zraĉenjem, vlagom i sa parametrima ozona. Korištenjem metode analize sluĉajne šume (eng. Random forest analysis) naglasile su da su parametri ozona bili najvaţniji prediktori koji utjeĉu na rast stabala. UtvrĊene su znaĉajno manje koliĉine klorofila u hrastovim vrstama u znaĉajno osutim stablima (osutost > 25 %), dok je za borove vrste utvrĊeno bilo obrnuto. Akumulirani H2O2 odrazio se na prisutnost lipidne peroksidacije u svim vrstama. Znaĉajne razlike utvrĊene su za znaĉajno osuta stabla hrasta crnike i alepskog bora dok je za hrast medunac utvrĊeno za stabla male osutosti. UtvrĊene su aktivacije antioksidativnih enzima u svim vrstama. Aktivacija enzima askorbat peroksidaze mogla bi se smatrati kao indikatorom stresa za ispitivane vrste. Iako nisu uoĉena vidljiva oštećenja, utvrĊeno je da su biljke bile pod stresom.

Abstract (english)

Mediterranean forest ecosystems in Croatia are of very high significance because of ecological functions they provide. Due to the high sensitivity of this region to air pollutants present in the atmosphere, it is important to monitor the state of forest ecosystems and how they react to them. The aims of this research were to establish environmental monitoring in Mediterranean forest ecosystems, to determine the concentrations of atmospheric deposition and ground-level ozone, the physiological parameters of trees, to determine biochemical indicators of oxidative stress caused by abiotic sources of stress and finally to establish cause-and-effect relationships between physiological parameters of trees and atmospheric inputs. All measurements, sampling and analysis were done according to International co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests (ICP Forests) manuals. The highest amount of atmospheric deposition was in the holm oak forest. Nitrogen critical loads did not cross literature limit. Ozone on all four plots was found to be close to or reached 100 ppb. The lowest defoliation was determined on the holm oak plot with < 10% while on the other three it was > 40%, and the highest growth percentage was on Aleppo pine plot. The relationship between environmental variables and forest health indicators (defoliation and growth) was found that defoliation was significantly correlated with soil water content at different depths, while growth was correlated with solar radiation, moisture and with all ozone parameters. Using random forest analysis highlighted that ozone parameters were the most important predictors influencing the tree growth. Significantly lower contents of chlorophyll were found in oak species in significantly defoliated trees (defoliation > 25%) and for pine species was vice versa. Accumulated H2O2 was reflected in the presence of lipid peroxidation in all species. Significant differences were found for significantly defoliated holm oak and Aleppo pine trees, while for pubescent oak it was found for low defoliated trees. Activation of all examined antioxidative enzymes in all species was determined. Ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity could be considered as an indicator of stress in trees for examined species. The plants were found to be under stress although no visible damage was observed.

• Keywords: hrast medunac; hrast crnika; alepski bor; crni bor; taloţenje dušikovih spojeva; ozon; prirast; osutost; oksidativni stres; indikatori stresa
• Keywords (english): pubescent oak; holm oak; Aleppo pine; black pine; nitrogen deposition; ozone; growth; defoliation; oxidative stress; stress indicators
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:159:988449
• Promotion: 2022
• Study programme: Title: Postgraduate PhD Study in Nutrition; Study programme type: university; Study level: postgraduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biotehničkih znanosti, polje nutricionizam (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje biotehničkih znanosti, polje nutricionizam)
• Type of resource: Text
• Extent: 141 str ; 30 cm
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-11-08 13:19:32